Abstract
<p><strong>Background. </strong><em>Annona muricata</em> has been reported as a potential nutraceutical based mainly on <em>in vitro</em> studies. <strong>Objective. t</strong>o determine potential toxicity and nutritional value of <em>Annona muricata</em> leaf flour using <em>in vitro</em> gas production (IVGP), dry and organic matter digestibility (IVDMD, IVOMD) as well as <em>in vivo</em> voluntary intake and apparent digestibility on Criollo kids. <strong>Methodology.</strong> <em>In vitro</em> trials were carried out with and without the tannin blocking agent polyethylene glycol (PEG). Kids (n=22) were fed with 0% (control, n=5), 2.5% (T2, n=6), 5% (T3, n=6) and 10% (T4, n=5) of <em>A. muricata</em> flour, intake and hepatic function were monitored. <strong>Results.</strong> The IVGP was lower (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05) with increasing <em>A. muricata</em> inclusion, but without difference on the IVDMD or IVOMD (<em>P</em>&gt;0.05). PEG inclusion had no effect (<em>P</em>&gt;0.05). The T4 caused 100% feed refusal. Intake was 396a, 379a and 203b g DM (S.E.D. 0.038) for control, T2 and T3 respectively (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05). The IVGP of <em>A. muricata</em> was low but not associated to the presence of condensed tannins. <strong>Implications.</strong> Due to reduced feed intake further studies are needed to identify the compound responsible of such effects. <strong>Conclusion.</strong> Although based on chemical composition and IVDMD and IVOMD <em>A. muricata</em> leaves can be qualified as medium quality fed, its use can only be recommended up to 2.5% diet inclusion, above such level toxicity might arise in growing goats.</p>
Highlights
Nutraceutics plants has emerged as a viable strategy to control gastrointestinal nematodes infections in ruminants
The methodology used for scan and testing potential plants to evidence anthelmintic (AH) effect on parasitology veterinary includes in vitro procedures, and the determination of its nutritional value generally assessed by chemical composition, dry matter and organic matter digestibility (IVDMD and IVOMD) (Torres-Fajardo et al, 2020)
Based on solely on such in vitro results this plant could be considered a potentially useful nutraceutic, further studies are needed to determine absence of in vivo toxic effects due to its secondary compounds suchs as annonacin (Moghadamtousi et al, 2015) and swainsonine (Ralphs and Stegelmeier, 2011; Rodríguez et al, 2005) before widespread use is recommended
Summary
Nutraceutics plants has emerged as a viable strategy to control gastrointestinal nematodes infections in ruminants. Based on solely on such in vitro results this plant could be considered a potentially useful nutraceutic, further studies are needed to determine absence of in vivo toxic effects due to its secondary compounds suchs as annonacin (Moghadamtousi et al, 2015) and swainsonine (Ralphs and Stegelmeier, 2011; Rodríguez et al, 2005) before widespread use is recommended. On this respect, previous in vitro tests performed with the Artemia saline technique suggests that a possible toxic effect of secondary compounds from A. muricata can be expected (Castañeda-Ramírez, 2014). The aim of the present study was to evaluate under in vitro and in vivo conditions the nutritional quality of A. muricata dry leaves and to assess possible toxic effects arising from their consumption by growing kids
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