Abstract
Lead (Pb) was revealed for its role as a neurodevelopmental toxin. The determination of neurotransmitters (NTs) in particular brain regions could ameliorate the precise description and optimization of therapeutic protocols able to restore the harmony of signaling pathways in nervous and immune systems. The determination of selected analytes from the group of NTs based on the liquid chromatography (LC)-based method was carried out to illustrate the changes of amino acid (AA) and biogenic amine (BA) profiles observed in chosen immune and nervous systems rat tissues after Pb intoxication. Also, a protective combination of AA was proposed to correct the changes caused by Pb intoxication. After the administration of Pb, changes were observed in all organs studied and were characterized by a fluctuation of NT concentrations in immune and nervous systems (hypothalamus samples). Using a protective mixture of bioactive compounds prevented numerous changes in the balance of NT. The combined analysis of the immune and nervous system while the normalizing effect of curative agents on the level of differentially secreted NTs and AA is studied could present a new approach to the harmonization of those two essential systems after Pb intoxication.
Highlights
Human exposure to lead—an extremely poisonous heavy metal—could occur with the intake of contaminated food as well as water or through the inhalation of contaminated air
The study included the liquid chromatography (LC)-based analysis of the selected compounds evaluated in h2.yRpoesthualtlasmus, liver lymphocytes, liver, spleen lymphocytes, spleen, and plasma
In addition to pronounced central and peripheral effects, the metabolism of amino acid (AA) in lymphocytes underwent significant changes, which was characterized by a decrease in the levels of many AAs, including those essential for vital activity and normal functioning of lymphocytes
Summary
Human exposure to lead—an extremely poisonous heavy metal—could occur with the intake of contaminated food as well as water or through the inhalation of contaminated air. A safe limit of exposure to lead does not exist [1]. This most common toxic metal causes dose-dependent damage in all human organs, especially in the central nervous system (CNS) of children, and adults [2,3]. The influence of acute and chronic exposure to Pb was confirmed to have an impact on the immune system in multiple in vivo and in vitro studies. Bilateral interactions between the immune and nervous systems were studying deeply for a long time. Since the CNS and immune system are highly complex, organized, and regulate the entire body, Pb influence on these two major systems should be explored in detail
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