Evaluation of an ultrasonically guided venepuncture technique for the placement of permanent pacing electrodes.

Abstract

We have evaluated a method of puncturing the subclavian vein in its extrathoracic portion using an ultrasound guidance system. Seventy consecutive patients requiring permanent pacemakers were included in the study. The method was successful in 56 (80%) cases (23 dual chamber systems) and unsuitable or unsuccessful in 14 (20%) cases (2 dual chamber systems). The time taken to achieve a successful cannulation of the vein was similar to that taken with conventional subclavian venepuncture (average time taken for each venepuncture was 31 seconds, range 5-130 seconds). There was a significant "learning curve" in that nearly all of the unsuccessful cases were in the first half of the series. There were no major complications. Computerized Tomography (CT) confirms that the point of entry into the subclavian vein using this technique lies outside the thoracic cavity, thereby minimizing the risk of pneumothorax. This approach to the subclavian vein is an easy technique to learn, with few immediate complications and there may be less chance of lead fracture due to subclavian crush in the longer term.