Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the efficacy of a new orthodontic bonding system that incorporates the primer solution in the adhesive. Materials and Methods: 90 anterior bovine teeth were divided in three groups: in Group I, brackets were bonded with Transbond XT system, in Group II with GC Ortho Connect which incorporates the primer in the adhesive, and in Group III, a single layer of primer was applied on the teeth before bonding the brackets with GC Ortho Connect. After a 24-hour latency period, Shear Bond Strength (SBS) and Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) were measured. In cases with remnants left mainly on the bracket base, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry was performed in order to determine the presence of calcium particles. Selected cases were examined with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis and in nanometer scale with a confocal visible light microscope (μsurf revolver, NanoFocus AG, Germany). Results: The mean SBS values were 7.25 ± 0.58 MPa for Group I, 6.57 ± 0.50 MPa for Group II and 7.33 ± 0.56 MPa for Group III. These differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.562). ARI evaluation showed that the debonding failure happened more frequently within the adhesive interface in Group II, whereas this occurred more often at the tooth-adhesive interface in Group III. However, statistical analysis of the ARI scores showed no significant difference in adhesive remnants among the three groups (p = 0.078). Conclusion: The GC Ortho Connect bonding system can be efficiently used for orthodontic bonding. Adding a layer of primer appears to slightly increase the SBS while causing less adhesive to remain on enamel from which brackets were debonded.
Highlights
Conventional dental composite adhesive systems consist of three different agents: an enamel conditioner, a primer solution and an adhesive resin
Materials and Methods: 90 anterior bovine teeth were divided in three groups: in Group I, brackets were bonded with Transbond XT system, in Group II with GC Ortho Connect which incorporates the primer in the adhesive, and in Group III, a single layer of primer was applied on the teeth before bonding the brackets with GC Ortho Connect
Selected cases were examined with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis and in nanometer scale with a confocal visible light microscope
Summary
Conventional dental composite adhesive systems consist of three different agents: an enamel conditioner, a primer solution and an adhesive resin. The evolution of dental materials used in clinical orthodontics has led to significant decrease in time required for bonding through the combination or elimination of different bonding steps: combination of conditioning and priming agents into a single solution (self-etching systems) [1] [2] [3] [4] or combination of the etchant, primer and adhesive (self-adhesive systems) [5] [6] [7]. In a study that compared a self-etch primer/adhesive system to a one-step self-etch, self-adhesive resin, significantly lower shear bond strength for the later was found [8]. In another study that compared four bonding systems, significantly lower shear bond strength for the self-etching systems was found [11]
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