Abstract
Ionic calcium can help in the prevention of the process of osseous decalcification. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties and toxic effects of ionic calcium-fiber supplement (ICa+) and its impact on bone health preservation in mice C57/BL6 fed a calcium-deficient diet. Physicochemical properties include FTIR, apparent calcium solubility estimated by the calcium ratio obtained by ionization chromatography and atomic absorption. In vitro genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of the ICa+ were assessed. Twenty-five 7-week-old C57/BL6 mice were fed calcium-free diet (CFD) or CFD plus CaCO3 (1.33 mg Ca) or CFD plus ICa+ (1.33–6.66 mg Ca) for six weeks. After that, bone mass and microstructure parameters were assessed. Histological staining was performed to determine calcium deposits. ICa+ (100%) exhibited an apparent calcium solubility higher than CaCO3 (12.3%). ICa+ showed no cytotoxic and genotoxic in vitro activities. Histomorphometry analysis showed that the ICa+ treated group displayed a higher trabecular number than the trabecular space. Also, the ratio BV/TV was increased compared with all treatments. Ionic calcium-fiber supplementation prevents bone deterioration compared to mice fed a calcium-deficient diet.
Highlights
Bone generation, remodeling, and turnover are continuous processes during the life of any vertebrate and were studied extensively for several decades
Calcium phosphate showed an intense band at 1023 cm−1 and two weak bands at 1079 and 972 cm−1 related to the asymmetric vibrations of the phosphate groups
The results presented in this work were not performed by microcT, the most used tool for this type of measurement, it was performed by histomorphometry in bone tissue samples and performing quantifications in a selected area (ROI), some articles show that the results by microcT and with histomorphometric analysis in samples stained are valuable [53]
Summary
Bone generation, remodeling, and turnover are continuous processes during the life of any vertebrate and were studied extensively for several decades. Bone remodeling depends on the activity of two specialized cells called osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The above generated significant interest in the mineral content due to its contribution as nutrients to the human diet. The recommendations on daily calcium intake depend mainly on the age and sex of the person, varying from 200 to 1300 mg/day [2,4]. Calcium from food or dietary supplements is ionized in the stomach (Ca2+ ). Reaching daily calcium requirements is often a difficult task to achieve, so the market for mineral supplements continues to grow day by day. Calcium salts and vitamin D are used to supplement dietary calcium deficiencies, including calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium citrate, calcium chloride, calcium glycerophosphate, calcium citrate tetrahydrate, and calcium gluconate [5,6,7]
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