Evaluation of an Evidence-Based Throat-Pain Protocol to Reduce Left-Without-Being-Seen, Length of Stay, and Antibiotic Prescribing

Abstract

BackgroundIncreasing numbers of people are seeking unscheduled medical care in United States’ emergency departments, which contributes to delayed throughput and increased patient length of stay. Implementation of nurse-initiated protocols, such as those for throat pain, initiates early diagnostic testing, optimizes patient throughput strategies, and promotes adherence to clinic practice guidelines for an additional segment of patients. AimTo evaluate the effect of an evidence-based throat-pain protocol. MethodsThe medical records for 117 patients presenting with throat pain to the emergency department were reviewed and separated into 3 groups: no testing, medical provider–initiated testing, or nurse-initiated testing using the protocol. Main outcome variables were number of patients that left without being seen (LWBS), patient length of stay, and antibiotic prescribing. ResultsNo patients LWBS from the nurse-initiated testing group or no-testing group compared with 3% from the medical provider–initiated group. By eliminating these LWBS patients, there is a potential cost savings of $3,420 over a 12-month period. The overall mean length of stay was 6 minutes shorter in the nurse-initiated group than the other 2 groups evaluated. Antibiotic prescriptions were given for 48% of patients in the protocol group compared with 52% in the medical provider group and 70% in the no-testing group. ConclusionAlthough this department has only partially implemented a protocol for throat pain, it highlights the benefits to reduce the number of patients that LWBS and reduce patient length of stay. The use of the protocol also improved adherence to clinical practice guidelines for testing and antibiotic prescribing.Image 1