Evaluation of an Arnis-Based Exercise Program for Community-Dwelling Older Adults in the Philippines: An Exploratory Study

Abstract

Aim: Arnis is the national martial art of the Philippines. Similar to Tai Chi, a martial art with established therapeutic effects, it can improve the balance control of older adults. However, there has been no study conducted to prove this. This study aimed to design and evaluate an Arnis-based exercise program to improve the static and dynamic balance control of community-dwelling Filipino older adults. Methods: A qualitative exploratory study using the Delphi Method was conducted. A 12-week moderate-intensity Arnis-based exercise program for older adults was designed. A Physical Therapist, Geriatrician, Sports Scientist, Arnis Expert, and Senior Citizen separately evaluated the video-recorded exercise program. Semi-structured interviews were individually completed online to gather their feedback. Three researchers completed the thematic analysis. Results: Four themes represented the evaluation of the Arnis-based exercise program: Program presentation, Participant consideration, Program aspects, and safety provisions. After one round of interviews, a strong consensus was reached based on the program's appropriateness, difficulty level, benefits, and feasibility for older adults. However, the exercise program needs to be revised to improve on the aspects of safety, instructions, structure, and progression. Conclusion and Implications: The resource persons recommend the Arnis-based exercise program as an appropriate and feasible intervention to improve the static and dynamic balance control of older adults. However, the second round of interviews is recommended to evaluate further the revised program. More studies also are necessary to establish the actual effect of this Arnis-based exercise program using experimental design.