Abstract
Background: Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Tuberculosis (TB) are the leading infectious diseases with high morbidity and mortality in the developing countries; it has been known to be associated with some coagulation abnormalities especially as the disease progresses.
 Aim: The study aimed at evaluating the effect of HIV- Tuberculosis co- infection on some haemostatic parameters (APTT & PT). It was carried out at Federal Medical Centre Owerri, Imo state.
 Materials and Methods: Sixty (60) subjects were sampled comprising fifteen (15) HIV positive subjects, fifteen (15) TB positive subjects, fifteen (15) HIV-TB co-infected subjects and fifteen (15) HIV and TB negative subjects (Control). Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT) were analyzed using standard techniques.
 Results: The results showed that HIV positive subjects showed a significant values of PT (15.45±1.44sec, P < 0.05) when compared with control subjects (12.45 + 1.23) and a non-statistically significant values of Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) (33.33± 6.27sec, P > 0.05) when compared with the control subjects (29.05+2.19). TB subjects showed statistical significant values of PT (15.84±0.98scc, P < 0.05) when compared with control subjects (12.45 + 1.23) and non- statistical significant values of APTT (33.55+5.26 sec P > 0.05) when compared with the control subjects (29.05+2.19 sec). Both the PT and APTT of HIV- tuberculosis Co-infected subjects showed significant values (17.03±1.46sec; 37.59±4.69sec, P < 0.05) compared with the control subjects (12.45+ 1.23sec; 29.05+2.19). One way analysis of variance showed no significant difference of a PT of TB patient (15.84+0.98) compared to PT of HIV patients (15.45+1.44 sec). PT of HIV- TB co-infected subjects higher values (P< 0.05) when compared with HIV patients but not significantly (P> 0.05) higher than compared with TB patients. Also there is a significant increase in APTT of TB patients (P<0.05) when compared with HIV patients. APTT of HIV-TB Co-¬infected subjects were not significantly elevated when compared with HIV and TB patients (P> 0.05).
 Conclusion: HIV infections have been shown to affect both the Activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time. There is significant alteration in coagulation parameters (particularly PT and APTT) on tuberculosis, lesions as a result of the mycobacterial infection can induce pro- coagulant tissue factor expression which can lead to coagulation defects.
Highlights
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus that causes HIV infection and over time, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [1]
The number of new cases each year has decreased since 2000.About 80% of people in many Asian and African countries test positive while 5-10% of people in the United States population tests positive by the tuberculin test [4].Tuberculosis has been present in humans since ancient times [5]
One way analysis of variance shows that a prothromobin time (PT) of TB patient (15.84 ±0.98) was not significantly higher than HIV patients (15.45 ±1.44sec)
Summary
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and over time, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [1]. Infection with HIV occurs by transfer of blood, pre-ejaculate, semen, vaginal fluids, or breast milk. The number of new cases each year has decreased since 2000.About 80% of people in many Asian and African countries test positive while 5-10% of people in the United States population tests positive by the tuberculin test [4].Tuberculosis has been present in humans since ancient times [5]. Aim: The study aimed at evaluating the effect of HIV- Tuberculosis co- infection on some haemostatic parameters (APTT & PT). It was carried out at Federal Medical Centre Owerri, Imo state. TB subjects showed statistical significant values of PT (15.84±0.98scc, P < 0.05) when compared with control subjects
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