Abstract
Acid rain is linked to the process of urbanization and industrialization and harms buildings. This study aims to evaluateacid rain in Kirkuk city using GIS-based spatial analysis, mathematical statistical modeling, and laboratory tests andexamine the harmful effects on the city buildings and human health. Precipitation ranges were determined based onTheisen’s polygon techniques. The methodology is based on two types of laboratory measurements of specific rainfallsamples within the city for the period of January 2021 to March 2022. Geographical Information Systems GISs wereused to verify the spatial distribution and quantity of precipitation data in the study area. Remote sensing RS was alsoused for mapping rainfall rates during the study period. According to spatial distribution maps, the acidity level of rainwas classified as (least acidic) ranging between (5.5 and 5.6). Specifically in the southern and south-eastern parts of thestudy area. Besides, spatial distributions have been presented with high accuracy with 95% and 83% accuracy ratings in2021 and 2022, respectively. Thus, we attempt to offer some useful guidelines for conserving buildings so that they arepreserved for a long time. RS and GIS techniques are best suited for estimating and modeling rainfall datacharacteristics.
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