Evaluation of accompanying allergic disease in children with proven drug allergies.

Abstract

Data on the prevalence of allergic diseases in children with proven drug allergies are limited. We aim to evaluate the frequency of allergic comorbidity in children with proven common drug allergies. Children with drug hypersensitivity confirmed by diagnostic allergy tests at our center between January 2010 and December 2020 were screened retrospectively. Patients with the most common drug allergies (due to antibiotics, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAIDs], and antiepileptic drugs) were selected for analysis. Age, sex, the culprit drug, initial reaction characteristics, diagnostic test results, and the study physician who diagnosed concomitant allergic diseases were noted. A total of 168 patients (boys, 51.2%) with a median age of 12 years (IQR = 8-16.3) were included in the study. The culprit drug was an antibiotic in 63% (n = 106), NSAID in 25% (n = 42) and anticonvulsant in 11.9 % (n = 20) of the patients. Drug hypersensitivity reactions were immediate in 74.4 % (n = 125) and delayed in 25.6 % (n = 43) of the patients. Seventy-five patients (44.6 %) had at least one allergic disease, most commonly rhinitis (27.3 %, n = 46) or asthma (25 %, n = 42). Fifty-five patients underwent skin prick tests with aeroallergens, producing a positive result in 60% (n = 31). The prevalence of allergic disease was not differing according to the culprit drug. The frequency of developing at least one concomitant allergic disease was 47.2% (n = 50/106) for antibiotic hypersensitivity, 52.4% (n = 22/42) for NSAID hypersensitivity, and 15% (n = 3/20) for anticonvulsant hypersensitivity (p < 0.00).Immediate drug hypersensitivity reactions were more frequent in children who had allergic diseases (80 % vs. 64.5 %; p = 0.027). Nearly half (44.6%) of the children with proven drug hypersensitivity had concomitant allergic diseases and immediate reactions were more common in this group. Children evaluated for drug hypersensitivity should be assessed for other allergic diseases.