Abstract
In-ovo vaccination is an attractive immunization approach for poultry industry. However, most of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine strains used after hatch are unsafe, as in-ovo vaccines, due to their high pathogenicity for chicken embryos. In this study, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a thermostable NDV strain TS09-C, derived from V4 strain, as in-ovo vaccine. Chickens in-ovo vaccinated with the parental V4 strain displayed greatly reduced hatchability and severe histopathological lesions in both trachea and intestine tissues, while the hatchability was not affected by in-ovo vaccination withTS09-C strain. The safe dose that infected all chicken embryos without obviously histopathological lesions was 103.0 EID50 per bird. In-ovo vaccination of chickens with TS09-C virus conferred complete protection against virulent NDV challenge. Results suggest that the thermostable NDV strain TS09-C is a safe and immunogenic in-ovo vaccine candidate that can be delivered quickly and uniformly, and induce earlier immune response.
Highlights
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important infectious diseases of poultry
Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the causative agent of ND, is classified into lentogenic, mesogenic, and velogenic strains based on the pathogenicity for chickens[1]
We evaluated the thermostable NDV strain TS09-C as an in-ovo vaccine and focused on three criteria
Summary
Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the causative agent of ND, is classified into lentogenic, mesogenic, and velogenic strains based on the pathogenicity for chickens[1]. For NDV, the commercial live vaccines used after hatch are not safe for in-ovo vaccination, and can cause death of chicken embryos[7]. A recombinant attenuated avian influenza virus (AIV) expressing both hemagglutinin gene of H5 AIV and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene of NDV, was generated and evaluated [10]. This recombinant virus, when used as in-ovo vaccine, could confer90% and 80% protection against H5 AIV and NDV challenge, respectively, as early as 3 weeks post-hatch[10]. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of NDV strain TS09-C as an in-ovo vaccine against virulent NDV challenge
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