Evaluation of a semi-quantitative ELISA for IgA antibody against Epstein–Barr virus capsid antigen in the serological diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Abstract

This study was designed to establish an ELISA method, as well as the cut-off value, for IgA against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viral capsid antigen (VCA), as a screening assay for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in southern China. In addition, the correlation between relative optical density (rOD) values from ELISA and titers from the immunoenzymatic assay (IEA) was also evaluated. Two hundred and fifty-eight NPC cases, 33 non-NPC head and neck cancer patients, and 1156 healthy controls were recruited for this study. VCA-IgA and early antigen (EA)-IgA were measured by ELISA kits and IEA in parallel. The total precision of the VCA-IgA ELISA achieved a level of <13.0% coefficient of variation. An rOD value of 1.60 for the VCA-IgA ELISA was determined as the cut-off point for southern China, and the sensitivity and specificity for NPC diagnosis when using this cut-off value were 93.0% and 92.4%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) value was 0.969. The correlation coefficient between titers and rOD values was 0.957. rOD values were correlated with NPC overall stage and lymph node involvement. The cut-off level established in our study could be used to facilitate more accurate diagnosis of NPC in southern China. The rOD value might be an index for NPC prognosis, since it shows a good correlation with the titer from IEA.