Abstract
The study of water balance is considered here as a way to assess the performance of regional climate models and examine model uncertainty and as an approach to understanding regional hydrology, especially interactions between atmospheric and hydrological processes. We studied the atmospheric and terrestrial water balance over the Eastern Nile Basin (ENB) region using the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model. The model performance in simulating precipitation and surface air temperature is assessed by comparing the model output with the data from the Global Precipitation Climatology Center dataset for precipitation and from the University of Delaware for temperature. The results show that the simulated and observed values correlate well. In terms of water balance, the study region was found to be a sink for moisture, where the atmospheric convergence is negative during most of the time. Most of the precipitation originates from moisture fluxes from outside the domain, and the contribution of local evapotranspiration to precipitation is limited, with small values for the moisture recycling ratios year-round. The atmospheric moisture content does not show significant monthly or annual variation. The results indicate that the terrestrial water storage varies seasonally, with negative fluxes during most of the year, except June, July, and August, when most of the precipitation occurs.
Highlights
The Nile is the longest river in Africa with a total length of approximately 6650 km
Previous work has shown that many parts of the Nile Basin are sensitive to climate change [2,3,4,5]
Several studies focused on the potential impact of climate change on the Nile Basin using data generated by several general circulation models (GCMs) for different catchments [2,4,5,6,7,8]
Summary
The Nile is the longest river in Africa with a total length of approximately 6650 km. The Tekeze, the interactions between the two systems is necessary to conduct meaningful climate change projections This can be achieved by carrying out simulations of the climate/hydrological systems in the basin basin numerical area, whilemodeling. Among most significant tools of in the useclimate/hydrological for future projections This GCMs can be are achieved bythe carrying out simulations systems the basin to provide predictions of large-scale climate and general circulation [9,10]. Regional climate models (RCMs) an provideresolution predictionsentails of large-scale climate and general circulation They do not are resolve alternative, in addition to at GCMs, with the advantage that they can achieve higher-resolution local circulation dynamics the required horizontal resolution of about one degree; higher spatial simulations over a great specific area [11,12,13,14].expense. We focus on estimating the TWB and AWB variables for the ENB, using the output from a previously configured WRF model over the same region; we assess the performance of the model in simulating some key hydroclimatic variables
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