Abstract
Due to the need for energy conservation in buildings and the simultaneous benefit of cost savings, the development of a low firing rate load modulating residential oil burner is very desirable. One of the two main requirements of such a burner is the development of a burner nozzle that is able to maintain the particle size distribution of the fuel spray in the desirable (small) size range for efficient and stable combustion. The other being the ability to vary the air flow rate and air distribution around the fuel nozzle in the burner for optimal combustion at the current fuel firing rate. In this paper, which deals with the first requirement, we show that by using pulse width modulation in the bypass channel of a commercial off-the-shelf bypass nozzle, this objective can be met. Here we present results of spray patterns and particle size distribution for a range of fuel firing rates. The results show that a desirable fuel spray pattern can be maintained over a fuel firing rate turndown ratio (Maximum Fuel Flow Rate/Minimum Fuel Flow Rate) of 3.7. Thus here we successfully demonstrate the ability to electronically vary the fuel firing rate by more than a factor of 3 while simultaneously maintaining good atomization.
Highlights
IntroductionIn the first method they used a pulse width modulated (PWM) solenoid valve directly upstream of a conventional pressure swirl nozzle to change the fuel firing rate
In this paper, which deals with the first requirement, we show that by using pulse width modulation in the bypass channel of a commercial off-the-shelf bypass nozzle, this objective can be met
The results show that a desirable fuel spray pattern can be maintained over a fuel firing rate turndown ratio (Maximum Fuel Flow Rate/Minimum Fuel Flow Rate) of 3.7
Summary
In the first method they used a pulse width modulated (PWM) solenoid valve directly upstream of a conventional pressure swirl nozzle to change the fuel firing rate They demonstrated a fuel flow rate turndown Ratio of about 1.4. For the same objective of developing a variable load oil burner, Drabo et al [3] experimented with the technique of flash atomization to simultaneously achieve reduction in the fuel firing rate and a reduction in the droplet mean diameter. With this technique, which requires heating the fuel to a specific temperature for a given fuel flow rate, they demonstrated a turndown ratio of about 1.5 for the fuel firing rate, and lower droplet mean sizes at lower fuel flow rates. Additional details of their droplet generator are provided by Etzold et al [6] who studied and developed this novel atomizer design in which a liquid jet impinges on a flat plate to achieve low firing rates
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