Evaluation of a pipeline for simulation, reconstruction, and classification in ultrasound-aided diffuse optical tomography of breast tumors.

Abstract

.SignificanceDiffuse optical tomography is an ill-posed problem. Combination with ultrasound can improve the results of diffuse optical tomography applied to the diagnosis of breast cancer and allow for classification of lesions.AimTo provide a simulation pipeline for the assessment of reconstruction and classification methods for diffuse optical tomography with concurrent ultrasound information.ApproachA set of breast digital phantoms with benign and malignant lesions was simulated building on the software VICTRE. Acoustic and optical properties were assigned to the phantoms for the generation of B-mode images and optical data. A reconstruction algorithm based on a two-region nonlinear fitting and incorporating the ultrasound information was tested. Machine learning classification methods were applied to the reconstructed values to discriminate lesions into benign and malignant after reconstruction.ResultsThe approach allowed us to generate realistic US and optical data and to test a two-region reconstruction method for a large number of realistic simulations. When information is extracted from ultrasound images, at least 75% of lesions are correctly classified. With ideal two-region separation, the accuracy is higher than 80%.ConclusionsA pipeline for the generation of realistic ultrasound and diffuse optics data was implemented. Machine learning methods applied to a optical reconstruction with a nonlinear optical model and morphological information permit to discriminate malignant lesions from benign ones.