Evaluation of a Paleontological Museum as Geosite and Base for Geotourism. A Case Study

Gricelda Herrera-Franco,Edgar Berrezueta,Paúl Carrión-Mero,Carlos Mora-Frank,Karla Erazo

doi:10.3390/heritage4030067

Abstract

The Santa Elena province in Ecuador has outstanding geological potential in petroleum, mining and geosite resources. All the wealth of palaeontological samples and their inherent link to the history of this territory require a recognised museum with educational and scientific material to support the potential and promotion of geotourism development. The Megatherium Palaeontological Museum is located in this province and was the first Palaeontological Museum in Ecuador. It exhibits samples corresponding to the Late Pleistocene Megafauna that inhabited the area. This study aims to evaluate the museum (a geoheritage element) as a possible (palaeontological) geosite by analysing its contributions to the geoheritage of the Santa Elena province. Thus, we also aim to enhance the geotourism of the area and promote its collections as a geotouristic attraction. The methodological process was based on: (i) information processing and systematisation in the museum and its environment; (ii) assessment of the museum’s geological interest through the method of the Geological Survey of Spain, the Brilha method and the Geosites Assessment Model; and (iii) a qualitative evaluation using the Delphi and the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats methodologies to define strategies and proposals for museum development. Based on the results of the applied quantitative assessment, the museum has a “very high” (277/400) degree of geological interest, due to the high values of scientific (310/400), academic (310/400) and touristic (210/400) interest. In this same way, the results obtained through the Brilha method reflect a high scientific (290/400), educational (280/400), and tourist (315/400) interest and a low degradation risk (190/400) value in the museum. Furthermore, the applied Geosites Assessment Model shows the museum as a geosite with high main and additional values, placing it between the Z23 and Z33 fields of the global valuation matrix. The evaluation approached through Delphi analysis and Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats matrix allowed us to propose improvement strategies to take advantage of the museum resources as an alternative that strengthens the geotouristic development of the area.

Highlights

Natural diversity is a concept that integrates biodiversity and geodiversity [1]
The present study focuses on the characterisation of the Megatherium Palaeontological Museum as a geoheritage element
This problem led to the temporary closure of the Megatherium Palaeontological Museum (MPM), which interrupted visits from March until the end of 2020

Summary

Introduction

Natural diversity is a concept that integrates biodiversity and geodiversity [1]. According to Rojas [5], geodiversity is the number and variety of structures (sedimentary, tectonic and geological materials—minerals, rocks, fossils and soils) that constitute the substratum, above which the organic—including the anthropic—activity is settled. The term geodiversity considers natural geological features such as rocks, soils and hydrological components in its definition [1,6]. Geodiversity includes the evolution of these elements by geological, geomorphological, hydrological and anthropogenic processes [7,8,9]. According to [10,11], geodiversity should be considered in the analysis and study of the geoheritage territory to highlight the evolution of the site and, complementarily, the development of existing biological processes

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Conclusion