Abstract
A nanocomposite based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was synthesized by the microwave-assisted hydrothermal method and applied in the determination of sulfamethazine (SMZ) in swine effluent using a glassy carbon (GC) electrode. The rGO-AuNPs nanocomposite was characterized morphologically, electrochemically and spectrochemically, showing that rGO was modified with the AuNPs. The GC/rGO-AuNPs electrode was optimized for the determination of SMZ, achieving detection limits of 0.1 μmol L−1. The proposed sensor was successfully applied to the determination of SMZ in synthetic swine effluent samples.
Highlights
Sulfamethazine (SMZ), 4-amino-N-(4,6-dymethyl-2-pyrimide) benzenesulfonamide, is a frequently used sulfonamide with antibacterial properties to treat livestock disease such as gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections in veterinary medicine [1]
The relative increase in the current values reflects the increase of the electroactive surface area, that is, a higher interaction of the analyte occurs with the active sites of the composite reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-AuNPs synthesized compared to the others, possibly caused by the insertion of the gold in the reduced graphene sheets
There were no significant differences between the found and added concentrations of SMZ, indicating that the glassy carbon (GC)/rGO-AuNPs could be successfully used for the determination of SMZ in swine effluent under the optimized conditions and using the standard addition approach
Summary
Sulfamethazine (SMZ), 4-amino-N-(4,6-dymethyl-2-pyrimide) benzenesulfonamide, is a frequently used sulfonamide with antibacterial properties to treat livestock disease such as gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections in veterinary medicine [1] This antibiotic is commonly used to promote growth [2] in swine production and its concentration in foodstuffs of animal origin is controlled by the European Commission (EC) which indicates a maximum level of 100 μg kg−1 for sulfonamide residue level [3,4,5,6]. Determining SMZ levels in natural samples, as swine farming effluent, is an important issue due to major ecotoxicological problems such as groundwater and drinking water contamination [7,8] In this way, the development of new analytical tools for determining low levels of SMZ is an extremely important. The proposed electrode is promising, allowing for the fast, simple, low cost, and sensitive determination of SMZ in environmental samples
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.