Abstract
Sustainability and resilience are up-to-date considerations for urban developments in terms of flood mitigation. These considerations usually pose a new challenge to the urban planner because the achievement of a sustainable design through low impact development (LID) practices would be affected by the selection and the distribution of them. This study proposed a means to optimize the distribution of LIDs with the concept of considering the reduction of the flood peak and the hydrologic footprint residence (HFR). The study region is a densely populated place located in New Taipei City. This place has been developing for more than 40 years with completive sewer systems; therefore, the design must consider the space limitations. The flood reduction induced by each LID component under different rainfall return periods was estimated, and then the detention ponds were also conducted to compare the improvements. The results showed that the performance of LIDs dramatically decreased when the return periods were larger than ten years. A multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) was then applied to optimize the spatial distribution of LIDs under different budget scenarios, and to decide the priority of locations for the LID configuration. Finally, the Monte Carlo test was used to test the relationship between the optimal space configuration of LIDs and the impermeability of the study region. A positive correlation was uncovered between the optimal allocation ratio and the impermeable rate of the partition. The study results can provide general guidelines for urban planners to design LIDs in urban areas.
Highlights
IntroductionIn the past 20 years the idea of the drainage system design was focused on the rapid transmission of water from the city to downstream, but nowadays the urban rainstorm management has shifted from drainage regulation to source control [2]
According to the report from the United Nations, 55% of the seven billion population is concentrated in cities, and urban drainage problems are increasing as a result of the high density population [1].In the past 20 years the idea of the drainage system design was focused on the rapid transmission of water from the city to downstream, but nowadays the urban rainstorm management has shifted from drainage regulation to source control [2]
The inlet treated as the sink and the junctions weretwo-dimensional treated as source for this flow twomodel
Summary
In the past 20 years the idea of the drainage system design was focused on the rapid transmission of water from the city to downstream, but nowadays the urban rainstorm management has shifted from drainage regulation to source control [2]. The best management practices (BMPs) including detention basins and sediment deposition pools are applied to store the runoff and pollutants, which could achieve flood and pollution reduction. Low impact development (LID), on the other hand, features the installation of small rainwater treatment units to minimize hydrological changes such as runoff, infiltration and evaporation after land development in urban areas. LID units include ecological retention units, rain gardens, green roofs, permeable pavements, rain barrels, and bioswales [3].
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