Evaluation of a mindfulness–based group intervention for individuals experiencing chronic pain

Abstract

Research has increasingly investigated the use of mindfulness practice by individuals living with chronic pain conditions. The current study aimed to explore the practical implications of introducing mindfulness in a hospital setting, and to understand the experience and perceived consequences of brief mindfulness training. Attendees on a mindfulness–based pain management group were invited to take part in two facilitated focus groups. A total of 13 service-users participated and transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. In addition, an evaluation questionnaire was completed by 34 attendees and analysed thematically. Using the combined data, seven key themes were identified. Three themes related to the practicalities of learning mindfulness:setting(the advantages and drawbacks of being based within an outpatient department);group format(the benefits of learning mindfulness with others); and ‘selling’ the concept(the way in which the group was introduced to participants upon referral). Four themes pertained to the role of mindfulness in the perception and management of pain:acceptance and awareness(developing a conscious recognition and understanding of pain and reactions to pain);pacing(recognising more easily when over activity was detrimental);mental attitude(feeling less negatively towards their pain); andperception of control(participants’ sense that they could use mindfulness as a tool to manage their pain). It was concluded that participants identified several benefits from practicing mindfulness, particularly in their perceived level of control of long–term pain symptoms. However, consideration must be paid to the suitability of outpatient hospital settings for such groups, and potential alternatives investigated.