Abstract
Many cities around the World have established the development objective of becoming a low-carbon city. Evaluation of such a city is important for its progress. A new evaluation framework of urban low-carbon development level is proposed in this paper, which integrates synthetic evaluation based on a bottom-up idea and analytical diagnosis based on a top-down idea. Further, set pair analysis is combined for synthetic evaluation and analytical diagnosis by comparing urban low-carbon development levels of different cities, through which the comprehensive state of urban low-carbon development level can be obtained and limiting factors identified. Based on the proposed framework and set pair analysis, low-carbon development levels of 12 Chinese cities are compared. Some suggestions are provided, based on results of overall situations of urban low-carbon development level and concrete performances of various factors and specific indicators. We conclude that both synthetic evaluation and analytical diagnosis are important for evaluation of urban low-carbon development level. The proposed framework and method can be widely applied in the evaluation of different cities over a long-term period.
Highlights
IntroductionFuture: Creating a Low Carbon Economy” in 2003 [1], this concept has been considered and pursued as a hopeful development pattern for reducing carbon emissions and coping with the challenges of climate change [2]
Since the concept of a “low-carbon economy” was put forward in the UK white paper “Our EnergyFuture: Creating a Low Carbon Economy” in 2003 [1], this concept has been considered and pursued as a hopeful development pattern for reducing carbon emissions and coping with the challenges of climate change [2]
With the set pair analysis, we conducted the synthetic evaluation based on the bottom-up idea and detailed analysis based on the top-down idea, in terms of urban low-carbon development level
Summary
Future: Creating a Low Carbon Economy” in 2003 [1], this concept has been considered and pursued as a hopeful development pattern for reducing carbon emissions and coping with the challenges of climate change [2]. Many cities have adopted measures to reduce carbon emissions, ranging from overall planning and macro policy aspects to concrete measures in specific fields. Copenhagen, Barcelona and Hangzhou have established a series of policies of low-carbon city construction regarding energy usage structure, industrial structure, public transportation, building design, household consumption, and public awareness [7,9,10,11]. Malmo, Baoding, Jilin and Shanghai have established concrete measures in specific fields, such as exploiting new energy, adjusting energy supply modes, regulating industrial structure, and developing low-carbon demonstration areas [9,11,12,13,14]
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