Abstract
Yellow head disease is caused by the yellow head virus (YHV). This important disease affects Penaus monodon farms in Thailand. In Mexico, reports of this disease in L. vannamei have been issued. This has not been officially declared by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). This study reports a method of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction for the detection of this virus in shrimp. A certified sample was analyzed with a commercial detection system for YHV. We obtained a differential sequence of genotypes that cause both YHV and gill-associated virus (GAV) by comparison with ClustalW. Primers were designed for amplification of the fragment by a TaqMan probe with which a positive standard to YHV was amplified. Tests were negative for other pathogens. A survey of shrimp farms in Mexico in 2009 showed negative results for YHV presence. These results demonstrate that the system developed in this study is a specific diagnostic method, sensitive and reproducible for detection of YHV.
Highlights
The yellow head virus (YHV) is an emerging disease in cultured shrimp and was first reported in Thailand in 1992, attacking black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon (Limsuwan, 1991)
The YHV used in this study was obtained from a standard sample that was inoculated into the species L. vannamei in the facilities of the pathology laboratory of aquaculture at the University of Arizona
The sample was analyzed with both systems, obtaining similar results between the two detection systems and finding no differences between them as to the identification of the presence of RNA and YHV in the samples analyzed at different dilution levels ranging from 106 to 101
Summary
The yellow head virus (YHV) is an emerging disease in cultured shrimp and was first reported in Thailand in 1992, attacking black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon (Limsuwan, 1991). In Mexico the presence of YHV has been reported on the northwest coast of Sonora, Sinaloa and Nayarit (De la Rosa Velez et al, 2006; Castro Longoria et al, 2008; Barajas Sanchez, 2009), this is an apparently avirulent genotype (Lightner, 2012) This virus has caused large economic losses in countries such as Thailand and Vietnam. YHV is the second most severe (Dhar et al, 2004; Sittidilokratna., 2008; Walker et al, 2005) as it causes rapid and high mortality for both P. monodon (Boonyaratpalin et al, 1993; Chantanachookin et al, 1993) and L. vannamei (Senapin et al, 2010; Sittidilokratna et al, 2009) For the latter, there are reports that show the presence of shrimp
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