Evaluation of a Contact Sensor Skirt for an Anti-Collision Power Wheelchair for Older Adult Nursing Home Residents With Dementia: Safety and Mobility

Abstract

We studied an anti-collision power wheelchair's ability to enable safe, independent mobility in nursing home residents with dementia. The device had a contact sensor skirt that compensated for drivers' absent or delayed responses to obstacles. Safety observations were tracked during device use. In six single-subject studies, distances traveled by residents in manual and anti-collision wheelchairs were compared. Two residents could use the device: One resident's mobility and well-being improved; the other thought it was unhelpful. Another resident with potential for use did not like its usability, speed, and appearance. For two other residents, the device did not compensate for decreased initiation, motor planning, and awareness of obstacles above the sensors. Another resident was withdrawn because of verbal aggression. Interviews and focus groups revealed the device's usefulness. Perceptions of safety were mixed. Further work should improve environmental coverage, sensor skirt reliability, and safety; match technology to the needs of a wider range of residents; and enhance usability, functionality, and acceptance.