Abstract
Aims: The present study was designed to investigate the effect of different doses of tramadol as a premedication on ketamine anesthesia in mice. Materials and Methods: Tramadol used in different doses ( 0, 20, 30 ) mg/kg, I.P at 20 minute before treated with ketamine (50) mg/kg, I.P. Results: significantly increased in the duration of sleep and analgesia of ketamine without effect on the time of induction in all treated groups. The Numerical Sedation Score(NSS) was increased in all treated groups with tramadol pre treatment of ketamine but this NSS were stayed in long period in group treated with tramadol and ketamine in a dose depended manner in comparison with group treated with ketamine alone. Conclusion: Thus it can conclude that the possibility of using tramadol as a premedication with ketamine general anesthesia to improve anesthesia.
Highlights
Ketamine hydrochloride is a dissociative anesthetic agent used in clinical medicine
(1) Ketamine used in combination with muscle relaxants and analgesics, to produce a state of balance anesthesia.[7]. It was hypothesized that use analgesic drugs could substitute as premedication for ketamine anesthesia,In our study,used tramadol as premedication to produce good analgesia
The duration of sleep time and analgesia ranged from (8.4- 46.8) min and (7.2-11.82) min respectively, in a dose dependent manner, this mixture produced a good analgesia in mice
Summary
Ketamine hydrochloride is a dissociative anesthetic agent used in clinical medicine. Ketamine as the sole anesthetic produce amnesia, with catatonia, hypertonus, purposeful movement and vocalization may occur.[1]. Ketamine is a general anesthetic drug[2] and its major metabolite norketamine, have a significant noncompetitive blocking action on N-Methyl D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors.[3]. The role of NMDA receptor in modulating acute pain and the subsequent central sensitization has been demonstrated.(4_6) Ketamine produce profound visceral analgesia without somatic analgesia, and tonic clonic spasm of limb muscle may occur even in absence of surgical or other stimulations. [1] Ketamine used in combination with muscle relaxants and analgesics, to produce a state of balance anesthesia.[7]. It was hypothesized that use analgesic drugs could substitute as premedication for ketamine anesthesia ,In our study ,used tramadol as premedication to produce good analgesia.
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