Evaluation and Selection of Mutative Artemisia (Artemisia annua L.) According to the Altitude Variants

Endang Gati Lestari,Muhamad Syukur,Ragapadmi Purnamaningsih,Rossa Yunita,Rohim Firdaus

doi:10.4308/hjb.18.1.16

Abstract

Induction of genetic variant of Artemisia annua L. was conducted through the application of gamma ray irradiation in 2007-2008. The aim was to obtain a plant with high artemisine content > 0.5% and late flowering period of about > 7 month after planting. Tweleve selected genotypes were subsequently examined to gain genetic stability on altitude of 1500, 950, and 540 m asl. The results showed that the plants had shorter flowering age in Cicurug (540 m asl) than that of in Pacet (950 m asl) and Gunung Putri (1540 m asl). Genotype 8 had the latest age of flowering in the three locations than the other genotypes, however, the growth and biomass were the lowest. Vegetative growth of Artemisia in Pacet and Gunung Putri was better than those in Cicurug. Genotype of 15 in Cicurug and 5A genotype in Gunung Putri and Pacet had higher wet and dry weight than that of two other associates. Based on plant biomass, 5 genotypes from Gunung Putri and Pacet i.e. 1D, 3, 5A, 14, and 15 genotypes were selected, as well as 5 genotypes i.e. 1D, 3, 4, 5A, and 15 genotypes from Cicurug. Analisys on artemisin content successfully obtained 5 selected somaclone lines i.e. 1B, 2, 4, 14, and 3 somaclones.

Highlights

Nowadays, malaria becomes one of the most threatening diseases in the world, menacing 300-500 milion people and kills more than one million people annually (Rao et al 2006)
As medicinal herbs originated from China, Artemisia annua L. belongs to Asteraceae
Twelve Artemisia genotypes were selected from selected Artemisia somaclones obtained from mutation of gamma-ray irradiation i.e. 1B, 1C, 1D, 2, 3, 4, 5A, 6B, 7A, 8, 14, and 15 somaclones

Summary

Introduction

Malaria becomes one of the most threatening diseases in the world, menacing 300-500 milion people and kills more than one million people annually (Rao et al 2006). Alcaloid extracted from Kinine bark was used and applied as medicine, in addition to the other medicine such as chloroquine and sulphadoxinepyrimethamine (Greenwood & Mutabingwa 2002). The increasing resistance of the malaria parasite to the medicine, has caused the healing more complicated due to the incessant usage of kinine tablets for 20 years successively. For this reason, obtaining new medicine for malaria is deemed necessary (WHO 2004). As medicinal herbs originated from China, Artemisia annua L. belongs to Asteraceae. It is a seasonal shrub (Mc Vaugh 1984). The plant is called qinghao in China and sweet annie or worm wood in America, and this plant was spread out in various countries such as Argentina, Bulgary, French, Hungary, Italy, Spain, and Yugoslavia (Klayman 1993)

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