Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a serious threat to successful bovine farming. It causes severe damage to the buffalo and cattle health causing a drastic reduction in milk and meat production. In Pakistan, C. perfringens is a constant threat, and for its management, antibiotics are mostly used. Most bovine farmers use a single antibiotic to suppress the bacterial infection which in turn, increases the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) against the particular antibiotic. To reduce the resistance, the administration of multiple antibiotics in their standard doses at different times can be a possible remedy to manage the AMR and reduce their viability. This study aims to evaluate the effect of 11 commonly used antibiotics at their standard concentrations for inhibiting 33 strains of C. perfringens from five districts of Punjab province in Pakistan. Based on the zone of inhibition, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, and cefotaxime (CAC) at their standard concentrations effectively inhibited the bacterium. These antibiotics showed appropriate significance statistically, i.e., correlation, Chi-square test, and cluster analysis. Optimization of these antibiotics using response surface methodology (RSM) revealed that the selected antibiotics from medium to high range not only reduce the bacterial propagation but also their population up to a considerable extent. Hence, the health of milk- and meat-producing large animals could be improved, which will be cost-effective and less harmful to the animal, human health, and the environment. Moreover, optimized administration of the selected antibiotics would reduce the impact of drug-resistant superbugs.
Highlights
Pakistan is an agriculture-based country, and its livestock industry plays a pivotal role in the economy, contributing 11.7% to the total gross domestic product (GDP) during the financial year 2019–2020
All 33 isolates were detected as C. perfringens through biochemical tests, i.e., glucose
Impact of Antibiotics against Clostridium perfringens Isolated from Buffalo and Cattle
Summary
Pakistan is an agriculture-based country, and its livestock industry plays a pivotal role in the economy, contributing 11.7% to the total gross domestic product (GDP) during the financial year 2019–2020. There are 90.8 million herds of buffalo and cattle in Pakistan, sharing 96.87% and 48.91% of the total milk and beef production, respectively [1]. This successful production of milk and meat is under threat of certain fatal pathogens in which Clostridium perfringens is the most prominent one. Several pathogenic microorganisms and their resistomes have circulated in our environment. These resistomes are mainly evolved from hospitals, pharmaceutical companies, and livestock producers’ unmonitored waste that contains antimicrobial substances that have been circulating in our environment. Staphylococcus spp., Campylobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., Salmonella spp., and Extended Spectrum BetaLactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae are most commonly found in the environment [6,7]
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