Evaluation and Influencing Factors of Sustainable Development Capability of Agriculture in Countries along the Belt and Road Route

Minjie Li,Jian Wang,Yihui Chen

doi:10.3390/su11072004

Minjie Li, Jian Wang + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/su11072004

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Abstract

Agriculture is increasingly facing major challenges such as climate change, scarcity of natural resources, and changing societal demands. To tackle these challenges, there is a pressing need to evolve towards more sustainable agricultural practices. As a result, sustainability stands among the most relevant topics in agricultural research worldwide, and countries along the Belt and Road (B&R) route are no exception. This paper selected 25 indicators from the five subsystems of population, society, economy, environment, and resources in order to build an evaluation index system of agricultural sustainable development capability, and then it used an improved entropy weight method, technique for ordering preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS), and coordination degree method to measure the comprehensive capability and coordination of agricultural sustainable development of all countries along the B&R route from 2006 to 2015. First, according to the time dimension, the comprehensive score of sustainable development capability of agriculture along the B&R route: This had an average annual score of 0.3195 which initially decreased, then increased in a fluctuating manner, before finally falling again. Second, according to the spatial dimension, the average comprehensive score of agricultural sustainable development capability showed an evolutionary trend of ‘high–low–high–low–high’ from west to east, which showed an obvious basic spatial pattern of the ‘W’ type. Third, from the perspective of the subsystems of agriculture, although the coordination degree among subsystems in the main grain-producing areas increased continually from 2006 to 2015, the overall level of development needed to be further improved. In order to further clarify the main factors affecting the capability of agricultural sustainable development, this paper selected six explanatory variables: The level of economic development, financial expenditure for agriculture, agricultural foreign direct investment, agricultural labor force, the intensity of agricultural R&D investment, and the level of agricultural informatization. Then, geographically and temporally weighted regression was applied to evaluate the direction and degree of influences of selected factors on sustainability development capability of agriculture. The results showed that the regression coefficients of each variable in 53 countries were positive or negative, which indicated that the influencing factors of agricultural sustainable development capacity had the characteristics of geospatial nonstationarity.

Highlights

In 2013, China put forward the cooperative initiative of the “Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road”to promote economic prosperity and common development of the countries along the route through complementary advantages and win-win cooperation
To sum up, during the time period from 2006 to 2015, there was no country along the Belt and Road (B&R) route whose coordination degree of each subsystem of agriculture belonged to the interval [0.8,1.0], and most of them belonged to the interval [0.3,0.6]
This paper mainly focused on the calculation of the comprehensive score of the sustainable development capacity of agriculture and the coordination degree of the agricultural subsystem in the countries along the B&R route and the use of geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) to analyze the mechanism of the factors affecting the sustainable development of agriculture

Summary

Introduction

To promote economic prosperity and common development of the countries along the route through complementary advantages and win-win cooperation. On this basis, agriculture is an important area in which to promote the B&R regional cooperation. The pattern of global agricultural development has been deeply adjusted [2], and the impact of climate change on major food-producing areas has been deepening. Nontraditional factors such as biomass energy and financial speculation have made the international market of agricultural products more uncertain. It is urgent to promote sustainable agricultural development through agricultural cooperation [4]

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