Abstract
It is vital to promote and optimize the technological innovation efficiency of new energy vehicle (NEV) enterprises for the green transformation of China’s automobile industry. However, China’s NEV enterprises still have problems such as insufficient research of technology and unreasonable innovative resource allocation. To improve the technological innovation efficiency of China’s NEV enterprises, the NEVs’ technological innovation process is divided into two stages: the research and development (R&D) stage and the achievement transformation stage in this research. Combining Tobit regression with data envelopment analysis (DEA), an evaluation framework of technological innovation efficiency of the NEV enterprises is constructed. Then, the innovation efficiency of 23 NEV listed enterprises from 2013 to 2018 is analyzed. The result reveals three findings. First, the overall technological innovation efficiency of NEV enterprises is low. Second, enterprises’ R&D efficiency is generally higher than the achievement transformation efficiency. Third, according to two-stage efficiency, 23 NEV enterprises are divided into four categories. For different types of enterprises, targeted guidance to improve innovation efficiency is proposed. This research provides a theoretical and practical basis for improving the innovation efficiency of NEV enterprises.
Highlights
The new energy vehicle (NEV) industry has a significant strategic position in China [1]
The research and development (R&D) efficiency is the proportion of R&D output over input, which reflects the ability of NEV enterprises to convert R&D innovation resources into R&D output, while the achievement transformation efficiency is the ratio of achievement transformation output to the sum of R&D output, non-R&D investment, and the rest investment, which reflects the ability of NEV enterprises to transform innovative resources into economic output
Considering NEV enterprises’ technological innovation process as a whole, the overall technological innovation efficiency is the proportion of total innovative output to total innovative input
Summary
The new energy vehicle (NEV) industry has a significant strategic position in China [1]. It is regarded as an emerging industry in the 13th Five-Year National Strategic Emerging Industry Development Plan launched by the Chinese government. It is of great importance to promote the rapid growth of NEVs, strengthen technological innovation, and form internationally competitive NEV enterprises. In 2019, the sales volume of NEVs exceeded 1.2 million vehicles in China [2]. With the world’s largest NEV market, complete industrial supporting system, and policy supporting system, a number of enterprises with international competitiveness have grown up [3]. The NEV industry has a good scale benefit advantage and development environment in China
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