Abstract
BackgroundStudies have been reported that cyclin-dependent kinase5 (CDK5) was associated with the development of several cancers. However, the relationship between CDK5 level and clinicopathological factors is still poorly understood in cervical diseases. The aim of the current study was to investigate the expression of CDK5 and its clinical significance in variant cervical lesions.MethodsImmunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect CDK5 expression in 54 cases of chronic cervicitis, 42 cases of condyloma acuminate (CA), 38 cases of carcinoma in situ, and 360 cases of cervical cancers [adenocarcinoma, n = 63; squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), n = 263; adenosquamous carcinoma, n = 34]. The clinicopathological characteristics in relation to CDK5 were examined by Pearson’s Chi-square test.ResultsThe positive rates of CDK5 were 27.8, 31.0, 50, 54.0, 58.8, and 62.7 % in chronic cervicitis, CA, carcinoma in situ, adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma and SCC, respectively. Statistically analysis showed that CDK5 expression in cervical cancer tissues was higher than non-cervical cancer tissues (inflammation and CA) (P < 0.001). The overexpression of CDK5 was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (r = 0.317; P < 0.001), histological type (r = 0.198; P < 0.001), FIGO stage (r = 0.358; P < 0.001), TNM stage (r = 0.329; P < 0.001) and pathological grade (r = 0.259; P < 0.001) in cervical lesions evaluated by Pearson’s Chi-square test. Furthermore, the positive relationships were found between CDK5 and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001), FIGO stage (P < 0.001), TNM stage (P < 0.001) and pathological grade (P < 0.001) in SCC. CDK5 was positively interrelated to TNM stage (P = 0.017) in adenosquamous carcinoma.ConclusionsCDK5 may play a vital role in the development of cervical cancer, which may be a marker for the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of cervical cancer.
Highlights
Studies have been reported that cyclin-dependent kinase5 (CDK5) was associated with the develop‐ ment of several cancers
Pathology grading was according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria [14] and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage was according to American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Cervix Uteri Cancer Staging 7th edition [15]
CDK5 expression in the group with lymph node metastasis (86.5 %) was higher than that in the non-lymph node metastasis group (51.5 %) (P < 0.001) (Fig. 2b), indicating that CDK5 upregulation may be relative to the carcinogenesis and progression of cervical cancer
Summary
Studies have been reported that cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK5) was associated with the develop‐ ment of several cancers. A project exploring the cancer survival in 67 countries reported that the 5-year survival range was less than 50 % to more than 70 % of the world and the rate of 5-year survival was increased (from 40 to 60 %) in China [3]. A tiny percentage of patients with cervical cancer in early stage disease can receive timely diagnosis and efficient treatment. A Thai case study indicated that high burden and other factors may influence the screening services of cervical cancer [5]. These outcomes strongly suggest the requirement of innovative research to explore new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment in the early stage of cervical cancer. Studies have reported that CDK plays a chief role in the cell cycle by regulating cell growth, differentiation, movement and apoptosis, and is closely related to the occurrence, development and metastasis of tumor [7,8,9,10]
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