Abstract
Bus emissions have become one of the important contributing factors in urban environmental pollution due to the frequent use of heavy-duty diesel engines in the day-time. Local bus driving cycles have a significant influence on bus emissions under the different traffic conditions. This study investigated the operation mode distributions and emission characteristics for urban buses based on localized MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES) using sparse Global Position System (GPS) data in Shanghai, China. Sparse GPS data from forty-three buses were prepared, and then bus trajectories were reconstructed to calculate local bus driving cycles, including model description, model calibration, and trajectory reconstruction. MOVES localization was conducted for emission estimation mainly focusing on the bus emission inventory comparison between US and China. Bus emission factors were estimated based on the localized MOVES from the aspect of different driving conditions. Results show that with the increase in average traveling speed, the proportion of idling operation mode showed a decreasing trend. Four typical vehicle operation mode distributions were identified with different average speeds to show the impact of traffic conditions. Bus emission factors first rapidly decreased and then slowly declined towards some minimum values. Bus lanes exhibited emission reduction benefits under serious traffic congestion. The findings of this study have great importance for transportation operation management and policy-making to reduce bus emissions, as well as improving air quality.
Highlights
With the rapid urbanization and motorization in China, vehicle emissions from motorized transportation is becoming more and more serious in contributing to air quality deterioration
Some researchers evaluated the effects of fuel types, bus stops, and passenger load on bus emissions using emission data collected by Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS) in China [9,10,11]
This study aims to evaluate urban bus emission characteristics based on localized Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES) using sparse Global Position System (GPS) data in Shanghai, China
Summary
With the rapid urbanization and motorization in China, vehicle emissions from motorized transportation is becoming more and more serious in contributing to air quality deterioration. Regarding the approach using high-accuracy mobile sensor data, Alam et al [6] analyzed the effects of bus type and passenger load on bus emissions based on second-by-second bus trajectory data collected on-board from 96 buses in Canada. Real-time vehicle instantaneous speed and position are sent to the city’s traffic management center at a certain time interval varying from 10 s to 60 s For those sparse GPS data, it was necessary to reconstruct bus trajectories as the key input into localized MOVES to estimate bus emissions. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate urban bus emission characteristics based on localized MOVES using sparse GPS data in Shanghai, China. This study included the following three tasks: (1) we reconstructed bus trajectories using sparse GPS data; (2) we localized MOVES for HDVs in China; (3) we analyzed vehicle operation mode distributions and evaluated bus emission characteristics.
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