Evaluating treatment options for cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review.

Abstract

Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus. To date, there is no systematic review on all the available drug treatments for CAN in diabetic patients, except for one review focusing on aldose reductase inhibitors. To evaluate available drug treatment options for CAN in diabetic patients. A systematic review was conducted with a search of CENTRAL, Embase, PubMed and Scopus from database inception till 14th May 2022. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of diabetic patients with CAN that investigated the effect of treatment on blood pressure, heart rate variability, heart rate or QT interval were included. Thirteen RCTs with a total of 724 diabetic patients with CAN were selected. There was a significant improvement in the autonomic indices of diabetic patients with CAN given angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) for 24 weeks (p<0.05) to two years (p<0.001), angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB) for one year (p<0.05), single dose of beta blocker (BB) (p<0.05), omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for three months (p<0.05),alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) for four months (p < 0.05)to six months (p=0.048), vitamin B12 in combination with ALA,acetyl L‑carnitine (ALC), superoxide dismutase (SOD)for one year (p=0.001) and near significant improvement in the autonomic indices of diabetic patients with CAN given vitamin E for four months (p = 0.05) compared to the control group. However, there was no significant improvement in the autonomic indices of patients given vitamin B12 monotherapy(p ≥ 0.05). ACEI, ARB, BB,ALA,omega-3 PUFAs,vitamin E,vitamin B12 in combination with ALA, ALC and SOD could be effective treatment options for CAN, while vitamin B12 monotherapymight be unlikely to be recommended for the treatment of CAN due to its lack of efficacy. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13340-023-00629-x.