Evaluating transdisciplinary science to open research-implementation spaces in European social-ecological systems

J.M Holzer,C.M Adamescu,C Cazacu,R Díaz-Delgado,J Dick,P.F Méndez,L Santamaría,D.E Orenstein

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108228

Abstract

Researchers in multiple, related fields that address complex social and environmental challenges, have shown ongoing enthusiasm for applying transdisciplinary social-ecological systems (SES) research to promote sustainability. However, few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of SES approach, assessed its achievements, and identified challenges to its implementation toward knowledge production for environmental conservation.We report the results of a qualitative, participatory evaluation of several SES projects across Europe using an evaluation methodology tailored to transdisciplinary projects. We conducted 66 stakeholder interviews at four designated Long-Term Socio-ecological Research (LTSER) platforms – Danube Delta and Braila Island (Romania); Cairngorms (Scotland); and Doñana (Spain). Using qualitative analysis, we synthesized data from interviews and then returned to the sites to present findings to stakeholders in focus group discussions in order to incorporate their feedback into conclusions.We conclude that although particular scientists at each platform have taken on entrepreneurial roles to operationalize transdisciplinary science, a business-as-usual attitude tends to dominate institutions, limiting meaningful progress toward transdisciplinary objectives, including: integration of social science research, giving non-researcher stakeholders a more meaningful role in advancing relevant research, and improving knowledge exchange among different stakeholder groups, among other issues. While we found that all the components of transdisciplinary SES research exist at the sites, there is no overarching strategy to link long-term planning and funding, knowledge integration, and priority-setting with stakeholders to ensure the relevance of research for policy and practice. We conclude with reflections about implementing our evaluation methodology, and a call for periodic, participatory evaluation into the future.

Highlights

The integrated study of social-ecological systems (SES) aims to understand the complex relationships between the environment, ecosystems, natural resources and human influences in a systemic way (Berkes and Folke, 1998)
While we found that all the components of transdisciplinary SES research exist at the sites, there is no overarching strategy to link long-term planning and funding, knowledge integration, and priority-setting with stakeholders to ensure the relevance of research for policy and practice
We developed a customized evaluation framework (Fig. 3) and tested it in the European regional network of the International Long-Term Ecological Research (ILTER) network

Summary

Introduction

The integrated study of social-ecological systems (SES) aims to understand the complex relationships between the environment, ecosystems, natural resources and human influences in a systemic way (Berkes and Folke, 1998). Used to address complex societal problems across several areas including environmental sustainability, natural resource management, and public health (Polk, 2014), transdisciplinarity transcends any single field or approach by promoting the synthesis of different types of knowledge. It seeks to develop a practical, contextual, self-aware understanding that may be applied to addressing the complex and uncertain challenges that arise in complex SES. It constitutes a key approach for creating the knowledge, skills, and collaborations necessary among researchers, practitioners and stakeholders for furthering sustainability (Brandt et al, 2013; Carew and Wickson, 2010; Polk and Knutsson, 2008)

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Conclusion