Evaluating the Toxicity and Histological Effects of Al2O3 Nanoparticles on Bone Tissue in Animal Model: A Case-Control Study.

Hossein Soltaninejad,Seyed Houssein Saeed-Banadaky,Mohammad Reza Sobhan,Behnaz Tolueinia,Amir Ali Hamidieh,Mohammad Amir Amirkhani,Mahnaz Mirakhor,Hadi Zare-Zardini,Farzaneh Sadat Eshaghi,Mohsen Mehregan,Mohamed M Abdel-Daim

doi:10.1155/2020/8870530

Abstract

The applications of nanostructures have been limited by their different toxicities. So, the investigation of these toxicities is necessary before nanostructure application. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles on bone density in Wistar rat. Al2O3 nanoparticle was prepared by the sol-gel method. Characterization was done by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Sixty-four male adult Wistar rats were divided into eight groups including six groups intravenously treated with Al2O3 nanoparticle at concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 µg/ml: one group received food and water as the control group, and one group received food and water as well as intravenously distilled water as an injection control group. After 41 days, bone density was analyzed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). According to X-ray diffraction, the average particle size for Al2O3 nanoparticles was 20.85 nm. The data of densitometry showed that the bone density of right and left foot was reduced in concentrations of 250, 500, and 1000 µg/ml that were statistically significant in comparison with the control group. The reduction of bone density was increased with the enhancement of nanostructures concentration. The effect of Al2O3 nanoparticles on bone density was similar in the left and right legs. Histopatholological assessment also showed that Al2O3 nanoparticles (250, 500, and 1000 µg/ml) lead to significant reduction of trabeculae. Empty lacunae are observed in these three groups. Considering that high concentrations of Al2O3 nanoparticles had toxicity on bone tissue, it must be used by more caution, especially its use as a coating in different devices such as implants, surgical instruments, and bone prostheses.

Highlights

Nanostructures have found increased applications in technology, research, and medicine [1,2,3]. ese compounds have unique properties because of their small size
Al2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (TEM)
Being treated with different concentrations of Al2O3 nanoparticle led to change in the bone density in all treated groups

Summary

Introduction

Nanostructures have found increased applications in technology, research, and medicine [1,2,3]. ese compounds have unique properties because of their small size. Ese compounds have unique properties because of their small size. Nanostructures have dangerous toxicity on all of the worlds, especially on human life [16, 17]. E toxicity of different nanostructures has been proven on different organs such as blood, lungs, liver, skin, gut, heart, reproductive organ, and other organs [20]. Nanostructures can be transported around the body and be taken up by organs and tissues, including the brain, heart, liver, kidneys, spleen, bone marrow, and nervous system [21]. Nanomaterials are toxic for human tissue and cell cultures, resulting in increased oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine production, and cell death. Nanostructures may be taken up by cell mitochondria and the cell nucleus. Nanomaterials can cause DNA mutation and induce major structural damage to mitochondria

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Results

Conclusion