Evaluating the Spatial Distribution of some Soil Geotechnical Properties Using Various Interpolation Methods (Case Study: Sulaimani Province, Iraq)

Abstract

Soilgeotechnical parameters are important inputs for the prediction of ground suitability for construction projects. The aim of the study is the evaluation of spatial distribution of some soil geotechnical characteristics for Sulaimani governorate, northern Iraq which has a semi-arid climate. Sixty different soil specimens were taken from a distance of 2.0 meters from natural ground surface, around the Sulaimani city which are suitable for resettlement purposes. Several required laboratory experiments were performed to obtain some engineering properties of the collected soils according to ASTM standards, namely field water content, field wet density, initial void ratio (IVR), and degree of saturation (DS). Three different interpolation methods namely Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW), and Thin Plate Spline (TPS), which are deterministic interpolation methods in addition to and one geostatistical method, Ordinary Kriging (OK), were applied. Cross validation and accuracy assessment of model performance are also applied and analyzed. In general, the geostatistical method performance was compared with the deterministic methods. Ok method found to be more accurate and less biased method than the other two methods, which has lower RMSE (1.38%, 11.33%, 0.07 and 0.82 gm cm-3) and ME (-0.63%, 0.94%, -0.16 and 0.3 gm cm-3) for water content, DS, IVR and wet density respectively. According to the interpolation maps 65 to 70 % of study area is likely suitable for construction purposes compare to the other 30 to 35 %, which need some precautions for the suitability issue for construction projects. The results yielded in the reliability of the obtained soil geotechnical properties from geospatial maps, which may importantly engage to suitable engineering management application and modeling of land use.