Abstract
With the large-scale construction of high-speed railways and the continuous increase in population flows, railway hubs are becoming the most dynamic places in cities. As a key node of intercity traffic and an important part of urban development, railway hub stations are the main carriers for the implementation of the Integrated Station-City Development (ISCD) strategy. A comprehensive evaluation of the space use of railway hub station areas can provide a basic understanding of the intensive utilization and optimization of urban space. However, existing relevant studies lack a comprehensive assessment of the compound structures and functions within large railway hub station areas at the microscopic level. Therefore, this paper was guided by integrated station-city development, relying on Geographic Information Science (GIS)technology, and big data such as Points of Interest (POI) and real-time traffic, focusing on walking accessibility, facility convenience, function compound, and land development intensity used around railway hub station areas. The uses of the station areas in four large railway hubs in Beijing were analyzed. Based on this, we built an ISCD index, combined with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, and assessed the degree of ISCD in the four railway hubs. The study showed that among the four large railway hubs in Beijing, the Beijing North railway station offers the best walking accessibility. The Beijing railway station features the largest facility convenience, function compound, and land development intensity. In general, the levels of ISCD of the Beijing and Beijing North Railway Stations were significantly higher than those of the Beijing West and Beijing South Railway Stations.
Highlights
The 21st century witnessed the rapid development of urbanization all over the world
Considering the basic logic of Integrated Station-City Development (ISCD), the actual situation of China’s big cities and large railway hubs and the availability of data, this paper considered that ISCD needed to focus on the walking environment, service facility, functionality, and development strength of the station areas
Walking accessibility is closely related to the radiation range of rail hubs, but it needs to be improved in all three other railway hubs except for Beijing North Railway Station (Table 4)
Summary
The 21st century witnessed the rapid development of urbanization all over the world. The global urbanization rate is expected to reach 67.2% in 2050 [1], and cities will become the main carriers of human living [2]. Singh [31] included indicators such as urban densities, land use diversity, walkability, and cyclability into the TOD index calculation of 21 railway stations in Arnhem and Nijmegen in the Netherlands, identifying aspects that needed to be improved for each station Another method involves considering the “node-place” theory with dual characteristics, based on the “node-place" proposed by Bertolini. Railway hubs and station areas can help to improve their own utilization efficiency, attract more people to use railways as a travel tool, and promote the development of nodes [32] This method is mainly used to construct the index system from a two-dimensional perspective of location and function to judge whether node attributes are balanced with place attributes, distinguishing traffic hub types. The special station has the highest rank, followed by the first-grade station
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