Evaluating the Seed Sowing Performance of a UAV Supported Pneumatic Planting System

Abstract

In agricultural technology, seed sowing involves manual processes such as broadcasting, and, more popularly, mechanical operations, including tractor-drawn drill and planter machinery. However, limitations of the above methods include the initial and running cost of equipment, the requirement for significant human resources, as well as damage incurred due to transplanting. This research paper addresses the performance of a UAV-mounted pneumatic seed planting system for use in low-cost farming. In comparison to gravity-fed seeding methods used in aerial and UAV applications, pneumatic technology offers a higher success rate due to uniform seed deployments and mitigation of seed wastage. Seedpod biotechnology targets reforestation and afforestation due to its drought endurance and predation protection. The use of pneumatically-dispensed seedpods in agriculture is investigated with respect to achievable planting depths and spacing. The thrust mechanism for deployment of seedpods and their deceleration before impact with soil media was numerically evaluated. The impact of various soil s-values on achievable terminal depths were also numerically assessed. Terminal depths of up to 6cm were observed from the pneumatic system's pressure range of 300psi to 750psi.