Evaluating the risks of the internet of things in renewable energy systems using a hybrid fuzzy decision approach

Abstract

Using the Internet of Things (IoT) and its integration into Renewable Energy Systems (RES) leads to energy planning, management of energy consumption and demand, and, as a result, sustainably matches energy supply and demand. There are several risks in implementing and integrating IoT in RES, which is an obstacle to successfully implementing these systems. Therefore, this research aims to assess the risks of implementing IoT in RES based on the hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach under uncertain conditions in Iran. In this study, to specify the importance of criteria, the Fuzzy Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (F-SWARA) method is utilized, and to assess the risks of IoT integration in RES, the usage of the Fuzzy Combined Compromise Solution (F-CoCoSo) method is suggested. The following examines the sensitivity analysis and validation with fuzzy WASPAS, fuzzy ARAS, and fuzzy TOPSIS techniques. The findings showed that the proposed approach had adequate robustness and flexibility for risk assessment, and risks of investment, infrastructure development, and privacy and security were introduced as the most critical risks.