Abstract
Some studies have shown that soil aggregates are not homogeneously built up as commonly assumed. Maximum differences in selected soil properties exist between the uppermost layer and the interior of an aggregate. Evaluation of the strength of this layer by determination of force to penetration yields extremely high values of resistance to penetration when using a fine and sharp probe instead of a blunt probe. It is shown that a very small increase of the soil-metal friction within the range of the sharp tip causes the high value of resistance to penetration. This is normally not the case when using a blunt probe because soil-metal friction, which is subtracted from force to penetration when calculating resistance to penetration, can be measured over the whole depth of penetration.
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