Evaluating the relationships of hypoglycaemia and HbA1c with screening-detected diabetes distress in type 1 diabetes.

Abstract

SummaryAimsTo explore the relationship between diabetes distress, glucose control and awareness of hypoglycaemia in adults with type 1 diabetes.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study using data collected from 280 consecutive type 1 diabetes patients who used a routine clinic consultation tool that recorded HbA1c, hypoglycaemia awareness (measured using the Gold score) and diabetes distress (measured using the Diabetes Distress Scale 2 [DDS2]). We assessed correlations between DDS2 and HbA1c and DDS2 and Gold score and performed an ordinal regression analysis to identify factors contributing to distress.ResultsDiabetes distress was significantly correlated with HbA1c (r = .319, P < .001) and Gold score (r = .258, P < .001) independently and with synergistic effect. Female gender was also associated with diabetes distress, while age, BMI, duration of diabetes, severity of complications and use of CSII pumps were not. Occurrence of severe hypoglycaemia (SH) episodes increased with Gold score in a linear manner throughout the scale.ConclusionsThis study has identified new evidence of a significant, independent relationship between diabetes distress measured by the DDS2 and reduced awareness of hypoglycaemia in people with type 1 diabetes. It also demonstrates that diabetes distress is significantly associated with HbA1c and female gender independently. The DDS2 identifies distress associated with both hypo‐ and hyperglycaemia and can be a useful creening tool. Additionally, the occurrence of SH increases with increasing Gold score.