Abstract
A breached nasal epithelial barrier plays an important role in driving allergic rhinitis (AR). Corticosteroids remain the standard of care (SoC) but come with side effects, thus alternative safe and effective treatments able to avoid inflammation and restore barrier integrity are needed. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the barrier-forming capacity of a xyloglucan-based nasal spray (XG) and compare its efficacy to several SoC treatments (corticosteroid spray, oral mast-cell stabilizer and oral antihistamine) in reducing allergic responses in addition to its effect when concomitantly administered with an antihistamine. An ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mouse AR model was used. XG shows a significant efficacy in reducing histological damage in AR mice; improves nasal rubbing and histamine-induced hyper-responsiveness. Total and OVA-specific IgE as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines are significantly reduced compared to OVA challenged-mice, with im-proved efficacy when used as an add-on treatment. However, XG reduces mucous secreting cells (PAS-positive) and mucin mRNA expression similar to the corticosteroid-treated mice. XG-spray maintains tight junction protein expression (ZO-1) and conversely decreases HDAC1 significantly; the latter being highly expressed in AR patients. Moreover, the concomitant treatment showed in all of the endpoints a similar efficacy to the corticosteroids. This innovative approach may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for nasal respiratory diseases like AR, reducing undesirable side effects and improving the quality of life in patients.
Highlights
Allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affect more than 30% of the population worldwide and up to 40% of children, but is commonly undiagnosed [1]
The purpose of our study was to evaluate the protective properties of xyloglucan-based nasal spray (XG) in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis on balb/c mice, a model commonly used in studies investigating AR [19,20,21]
AR includes a period of sensitization starting with allergen exposure leading up to inflammation and clinical manifestations of an allergic reaction [29]
Summary
Allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affect more than 30% of the population worldwide and up to 40% of children, but is commonly undiagnosed [1]. AR is the most common atopic inflammatory disorder of the nasal airways, driven by an allergic immune response to inhaled allergens in sensitized individuals and is characterized by congestion, rhinorrhea (anterior and posterior), sneezing and itching. AR does affects the nasal cavity but may induce headaches, sleep disorders, cognitive dysfunction etc. AR is generally associated with numerous comorbid disorders including asthma, eczema, food allergies and rhinosinusitis. Previous studies have examined the relationship between AR and CRS. Several studies have shown that those with AR are more likely to have sinusitis and vice versa [3]
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