Abstract
The term “osseointegrated implants” mainly relates to structural systems that contain open spaces, which enable osteoblasts and connecting tissue to migrate during natural bone growth. Consequently, the coherency and bonding strength between the implant and natural bone can be significantly increased, for example in operations related to dental and orthopedic applications. The present study aims to evaluate the prospects of a Ti–6Al–4V lattice, produced by selective laser melting (SLM) and infiltrated with biodegradable Zn2%Fe alloy, as an OI–TiZn system implant in in vitro conditions. This combined material structure is designated by this study as an osseointegrated implant (OI–TiZn) system. The microstructure of the tested alloys was examined both optically and using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The mechanical properties were assessed in terms of compression strength, as is commonly acceptable in cases of lattice-based structures. The corrosion performance was evaluated by immersion tests and electrochemical analysis in terms of potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), all in simulated physiological environments in the form of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution. The cytotoxicity was evaluated in terms of indirect cell viability. The results obtained demonstrate the adequate performance of the OI–TiZn system as a non-cytotoxic structural material that can maintain its mechanical integrity under compression, while presenting acceptable corrosion rate degradation.
Highlights
The initial definition of osseointegration claimed by Albrektsson et al [1] was “a direct contact between a loaded implant surface and bone” that can practically improve the mechanical bonding between the permanent implant and the bone [2,3]
The present study aims to evaluate the prospects of a Ti–6Al–4V lattice infiltrated with biodegradable Zn–2%Fe alloy as a structural material system for osseointegrated implants in in vitro conditions
The in vitro results obtained by this study clearly demonstrate the prospects of an OI
Summary
The initial definition of osseointegration claimed by Albrektsson et al [1] was “a direct contact between a loaded implant surface and bone” that can practically improve the mechanical bonding between the permanent implant and the bone [2,3]. The novelty of producing implants through additive manufacturing (AM) technologies directly from a computer model enable the production of complex implants [4,5,6,7] that can be designated for a specific patient This relates to the capability of producing cellular material in the form of a structural lattice that inherently incorporates open space volume [8]. Bone tissue can grow within the open space generated by the disintegration of the biodegradable alloy This can stimulate osseointegration processes in terms of improving the mechanical bonding between the natural bone and the permanent implant.
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