Abstract
This paper reports the regulated, unregulated, and particle number emissions from six high-mileage, China-4 compliant, dedicated methanol taxis over the new European driving cycle. Compared to new vehicles, carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides emissions from in-use methanol taxis increased by 76.1%, 40.2%, and 179.8%, respectively. Still, they managed to meet China-4, indicating good in-service conformity. In the test fleet, the test vehicles with longer mileage inclined to emit higher carbon monoxide and total hydrocarbons emissions. Formaldehyde emissions from these field-aged taxis ranged from 1.06 to 2.33 mg/km, which were similar to or lower than those from previously reported pre-Euro-5 gasoline vehicles. One of the six test vehicles produced extraordinarily high unburned methanol emissions, which was about ten times higher than the rest of the properly operating vehicles due to possible misfire, suggesting that unburned methanol will be the primary stress for future methanol applications. Compared to the regulated emissions, formaldehyde and unburned methanol emissions deteriorated at faster rates along with catalyst aging. Particle number emissions from these methanol taxis remained low even after high-mileage driving, suggesting the compatibility of methanol fueling in future particle number compliance.
Highlights
In the past decades, methanol received global interests as a gasoline surrogate with a competitive price and cleaner exhaust emissions
Carbon Monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbons (THC), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx),of formaldehyde, unburned methanol, and particle number a group the certification test protocol of the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), in order to quantify the of six China-4 certified, field-aged, dedicated methanol taxis were examined, following the certification in-service emissions of high-mileage, dedicated methanol vehicles, providing data for the evaluation test protocol of the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), in order to quantify the in-service emissions of the environmental benefits and drawbacks of the possible adoption of methanol fuel as a future of high-mileage, dedicated methanol vehicles, providing data for the evaluation of the environmental option
This paper reports the regulated, unregulated, and particle number emissions measured over the new European driving cycle from a crew of six field-aged, China-4 compliant, dedicated methanol taxis that have run from 166,000 to 225,000 km
Summary
Methanol received global interests as a gasoline surrogate with a competitive price and cleaner exhaust emissions. Energies 2020, 13, 2680 technical paper assessed the environmental benefits of using such methanol-fueled passenger cars and concluded 2/3 lower tailpipe PM emissions than gasoline counterparts [9]. Several engine-level studies demonstrated that methanol fueling benefitted emissions reduction and efficiency improvement. Optimized by 1-D simulation [6], Vancoillie et al retrofitted conventional engines into methanol-fueled and realized diesel-like high thermal efficiencies around. CO, THC, NOx,of formaldehyde, unburned methanol, and particle number a group the certification test protocol of the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), in order to quantify the of six China-4 certified, field-aged, dedicated methanol taxis were examined, following the certification in-service emissions of high-mileage, dedicated methanol vehicles, providing data for the evaluation test protocol of the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), in order to quantify the in-service emissions of the environmental benefits and drawbacks of the possible adoption of methanol fuel as a future of high-mileage, dedicated methanol vehicles, providing data for the evaluation of the environmental option. Benefits and drawbacks of the possible adoption of methanol fuel as a future option
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