Evaluating the implementation of adult smoking cessation programs in community settings: Protocol for a scoping review

Abstract

Background Morbidity and mortality due to tobacco smoking is a public health crisis predicted to rise in coming years with the growing global population. Smoking cessation programs are an important tool to support service users to quit smoking. Understanding implementation processes and associated contextual factors influencing uptake of smoking cessation programs may help enhance service delivery, service user engagement, and cessation outcomes. Objectives The objective of this review is to evaluate the implementation of smoking cessation programs for adult smokers aged 18 years or older. Rationale Whilst the effectiveness of smoking cessation programs has been thoroughly investigated, there is limited research examining the implementation of programs in practice. This scoping review will provide novel information by evaluating the implementation of smoking cessation programs including acceptability, fidelity, scalability, and sustainability. Inclusion criteria This review will include the implementation of smoking cessation programs for adults aged 18 years or older, who are daily smokers of tobacco-based cigarettes, accessing a community-based service for smoking cessation support. Methods A search of research databases Medline, CENTRAL, Embase, and Web of Science will be undertaken, in addition to searching for grey literature for potential studies for inclusion. Hand searches of included articles will also be performed. Data will be extracted into a spreadsheet and ordered into predetermined categories based on the inclusion criteria, intervention, implementation strategies and implementation outcomes. Implementation outcomes including acceptability, cost, and scalability will provide the framework for reporting outcomes. Conclusions This scoping review will evaluate the implementation of smoking cessation services to adults in the community. An evidence map highlighting current knowledge will be developed, contributing to the body of literature on community-based smoking cessation programs. Evidence gaps will be identified, providing direction for future research and service delivery internationally.