Abstract
This study aims at evaluating the geographical influences of rice-based protection dykes on floodwater regimes along the main rivers, namely the Mekong and the Bassac, in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). Specifically, numerous low dykes and high dykes have been constructed particularly in the upper delta’s floodplains to protect the double and triple rice cropping against the annual flooding. For the whole deltaic domain, a 1D-quasi-2D hydrodynamic model setup was used to simulate seventy-two (72) scenarios of dyke construction development in the context of low, medium, and high floods that occurred in the VMD to examine the effects of different flood magnitudes on a certain dyke construction area. Based on the model simulation results, we established an evaluation indicator, the so-called Geographical Impact Factor (GIF), to evaluate the impacts of zone-based dyke compartments on the floodwater regimes along the main rivers for different kinds of floods. Our findings revealed different rates of influences on the floodwater levels along the Mekong and Bassac Rivers under different scenarios of zone-based high-dyke developments. GIF is a useful index for scientists and decision-makers in land use planning, especially in rice intensification, in conjunction with flood management for the VMD and for similar deltas worldwide.
Highlights
Being home to over 17 million people, the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) is the agriculturally most productive region of the nation
This study aims to fill the knowledge gap by using a 11 hydrodynamic module (1D)-quasi-2D hydrodynamic model to run various zone-based high-dyke compartment scenarios to establish a Geographical Impact Factor (GIF)
The Mekong River network’s geometry was rebuilt and improved based on the old river networks, which were kindly provided by the Institute for Water and Environment Research (IWER) and the Southern Institute for Water Resources Research (SIWRR), Vietnam
Summary
Being home to over 17 million people, the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) is the agriculturally most productive region of the nation. It contributes approximately 50% of the national rice production with 90% of the rice exports, produces 70% of the fresh tropical fruits and 60% of the aquaculture and fisheries, and accounts for 34% of the poultry for the country [1,2]. The VMD is located in the lower part of the Mekong River with an area of about 3.9 million hectares accounting for 5% of the Mekong River basin [6]. Due to the physical conditions of low-lying topography with a large proportion of areas below
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