Abstract
50% of world hungry people live in the third world countries with the worrisome implication among children under age five as a result of malnutrition. This situation persists because cheaper available sources of quality and quantity protein and energy low-cost foods (leaf vegetables and agricultural waste) and simple technologies are not exploited. Result of% yield and mass loss showed loss in mass in the study with Method 3 (with <i>Tsamiya</i> as coagulant) having the least value. The results of chemical composition showed energy content; WRE had the highest value (363.19 Kcal) and least value in KKB (309.63 Kcal). Protein content; YIE had the highest value (33g) and least value in AXT (21g) while carbohydrate content WRE and KKB had the highest value (51.6g) and least value in AXT (44.91g/100g). Result of amino acid profile showed eighteen amino acids (which were higher in quantity than their respective RDA values) of which ten were essential amino acids. The first limiting and second limiting amino acids were methionine and isoleucine respectively. The results of the blood analysis showed albumin value ranged from 3.6 - 3.8 (g/dL), Hematocrit parameters (ASA, ALA and creatinine) and all showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between the diets and the control. Cholesterol values were within the normal range (<150 mg/dL). Result of food intake showed that the rats fed the control had the highest value (327 g) and least value in YIE (276g). PER of all the diet were higher than 2.7. Weight gained were between 38-44 g; EFU (34% - 48%), NPR (3.2 - 4.5) and TD (82% - 95%) and showed no significant difference with the control diet. The result of the functional properties showed BD was highest in sample AXT (12.5) and least in sample YIE (6.61), WAC was highest in sample AXT (12.5) and least in sample YIE (6.61), OAC was highest in sample AXT (12.5) and least in sample YIE (6.61), MD was highest in sample WRE (89.65) and least in sample KKB (85.07), EC was highest in sample KKB (9.115) and least in sample WRE (3.25), FS was highest in sample AXT (28.27) and least in sample WRE (20.75) and PS was highest in sample KKB (23.96) and least in sample WRE (20.64). This study showed that the concentrates can support growth and development especially in infants.
Highlights
It has been reported that 50% of the world hungry people live in most third world countries [37; 44]
This is probably as a result of the addition of Tsamiya, the plant food used as coagulant that was used in extraction process. Since it was not removed from the medium and constitute the final material used in the analysis could have contributed significantly to mass and material of this fraction
Mass losses in the processes of protein extract of fresh leaves were greater in percentage terms than using dried leaves
Summary
It has been reported that 50% of the world hungry people live in most third world countries [37; 44]. In The State of the World's Children 1998, UNICEF urges intensive efforts by governments to counter the scourge, which it regards as a violation of children's rights [21] The consequences of this scourge include; varying degrees of brain damage, stunted growth, skin wastages and iron deficiency anemia which causes 20 per cent of post-birth maternal deaths in Africa and Asia [25, 21]. Many researchers have traced and related the problem of protein energy malnutrition to the economic level or standard of living of people in these third world countries [25; 21] This regrettable situation persists because some other cheaper remedies have not been exploited. Remedies that make available good sources of quality and quantity protein, vitamins and minerals from alternative cheaper and abundantly available low cost foods and simple technologies
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