Evaluating the Efficiency of the Ottawa Risk Scale in Assessing Adverse Outcomes in COPD Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) exacerbations present significant challenges in emergency care settings. Predictive tools like the Ottawa Risk Scale (ORS) can potentially enhance early patient management. We aimed to assess the reliability and efficiency of the ORS among COPD in emergency departments. Materials and Methods: The study reviewed 75 patients presenting with COPD exacerbations were evaluated using the ORS. The ORS categorized patients into four risk groups: Low, Medium, High, and Very High. Clinical characteristics, blood gas analyses, and imaging results were documented. Results: Clinical symptoms were prevalent across all risk categories, but a significant association was found between smoking history and ORS categorization (p=0.042), oxygen saturation levels (p=0.043), initial PaO2 levels (p=0.013), initial and post-treatment PaCO2 (p=0.008, p=0.003 respectively), and pathological X-ray findings (p=0.005). The mMRC scale showed a correlation with ORS categorization (p=0.0001). The High and Very High-risk groups had higher hospitalization rates and adverse outcomes than Low and Medium risk. Conclusion: The ORS is a promising tool for predicting short-term adverse outcomes in COPD within emergency settings. This study underscores its potential utility in aiding clinical decision-making, guiding interventions, and improving patient outcomes.