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Abstract
Introduction: Preponderance of evidence suggests that smoking is one of the most significant risk factors in the development and progression of periodontal diseases. Smoke contains thousands of different compounds like Nicotine, Tar. Lack of education of dentists and hygienists to promote smoking quitting activities is a significant barrier for Motivational Interviewing for smokers. Aim: To evaluate the effect of smoking on alveolar bone in young adults and motivating patients to quit through the Motivational Interviewing. Materials and Methods: Sixty subjects were categorized into three groups. Group 1: smokers, Group 2:non-smokers, Group 3: smokers but willing to quit smoking.For alveolar bone height measurement Image Digitization was done.Smoking cessation was carried out for Group 3. Motivational Interviewing was used to convince the patients for smoking cessations. After six months, Nicoscreen® was used to know whether they quitted smoking or not. Results: Group 1 had statistically significant bone loss in comparison to Group 2 & Group 3 after six months which is attributed to effect of smoking on alveolar bone. Conclusion: Periodontal health is compromised by chronic smoking by an increase alveolar bone loss. Nicoscreen® can be used as a prompt screening tool for smoking cessation. Keywords: Smoking, Motivational interviewing, Smoking cessation.
Highlights
Preponderance of evidence suggests that smoking is one of the most significant risk factors in the development and progression of periodontal diseases
The observer performing the analysis identified and marked the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and identified and marked the alveolar bone crest (ABC) as the most coronal position where the periodontal ligament space was uniform in thickness
The main findings of this prospective study were that smoking was associated with poorer periodontal condition as assessed clinically, and it had a negative effect on alveolar bone as assessed radiographically in a group of well-motivated young adults without periodontitis
Summary
Preponderance of evidence suggests that smoking is one of the most significant risk factors in the development and progression of periodontal diseases. Preponderance of evidence suggests that smoking is one of the most significant risk factors in the development and progression of periodontal diseases.[2] The postulated mechanisms of increased periodontal disease progression in smokers include alterations in the host response, such as reductions in serum IgG2 levels and impairment of various neutrophils functions, such as phagocytosis and aerobic antimicrobial functions.[3] Other reported effects of smoking on the periodontium are suppression of fibroblast and osteoblasts functions, alterations in gingival blood flow, and reductions in the GCF flow.[4] It has been well documented that smoking adversely affects boneby reducing bone mineral content.[5]
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