Abstract
Abstract Introduction: The conditions that involve hyperpigmentation are widespread dermatological disorders which involve melanin hyperproduction, especially in Saudi Arabia where various phototypes are widespread. The aim of the treatment and the extent to which patients receive this intervention are essential to identifying in any specific clinical context. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and questionnaire-based study designed to identify the effect of pharmacological management on women of Saudi Arabia with Halitosis, with 83.9% of the 2700 respondents being female, aged 18–24 years, 39.4%, with university-level education constituting 65.6%. The survey was conducted online, and data were collected over a period of two months. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 28.0, employing basic data analysis, cross-tabulation, Chi-square test of independence, grouped independent samples t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The highest incidence was of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (10.6%), the second highest incidence being melasma (6%). Topical agents were the most frequently used modality (16.7%) because they were the least risky. The varying level of satisfaction and effectiveness depending on dosage as well as the skin type of the students is depicted by the satisfaction ratings below, meaning that individual outcomes of the treatments may vary amongst the students. Conclusion: From this study, the patient involvement in treatment is emphasised to improve the results of surgeries and treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders. Others are pharmacological intervention, screening, follow-up, counselling and skin protection advocacy, respectively. Further research into the treatment issue should be directed to the assessment of the longevity of the treatment approaches and the expansion of non-medicinal approaches to practice.
Published Version
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