Abstract
ABSTRACTBackground:Although cervical cancer is highly preventable through regular screenings using Pap smear or human papillomavirus–deoxyribonucleic acid tests, cervical cancer remains a prevalent women's health issue across the world. Therefore, encouraging women to screen for cervical cancer is very important for the early detection of cervical cancer.Purpose:The purposes of this study were to (1) assess the effectiveness of three interventions that are typically used to increase the uptake of cervical cancer screening during home visits and (2) determine the participation rate in cervical cancer screenings after invitation, the health promotion perceptions, and the cervical cancer and screening-related knowledge of women. The three interventions noted in Purpose 1 were one-on-one training accompanied by an educational brochure, providing the educational brochure only, and giving an invitation without any relevant information.Methods:This interventional study was conducted on women who were between the ages of 30 and 65 years in three Turkish provinces (Ankara, Malatya, and Trabzon). Five hundred twenty home visits were made, and 356 women who did not have a Pap smear test within the previous year were invited for cervical cancer screening. Women were randomized into one of three intervention groups, and the participants in each group were invited to attend a national cervical cancer screening program and to undergo a cervical cancer screening using the related intervention type.Results:The results showed that the interventions used during home visits and knowledge were effective in encouraging women to participate in cervical cancer screening. It was determined that the participants who had received one-on-one training accompanied by an educational brochure had a higher cervical cancer screening rate than their peers who were offered a brochure only or a verbal invitation only.Conclusions:Invitations to screenings that are made by providing training accompanied with a brochure were found to be effective in increasing the participation of women in cervical cancer screening.
Highlights
Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality among women worldwide, with approximately 530,000 new cases of invasive cervical carcinoma and approximately280,000 related deaths reported each year
The three interventions noted in Purpose 1 were one-on-one training accompanied by an educational brochure, providing the educational brochure only, and giving an invitation without any relevant information
The results showed that the interventions used during home visits and knowledge were effective in encouraging women to participate in cervical cancer screening
Summary
Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality among women worldwide, with approximately 530,000 new cases of invasive cervical carcinoma and approximately280,000 related deaths reported each year. Cervical cancer screening (CCS) programs with Pap smear or human papillomavirus–deoxyribonucleic acid tests have been shown to decrease the incidence of cervical cancer by 34%–80% and the related mortality rate in many developed countries (DeGregorio et al, 2017; Kitchener et al, 2018; Visanuyothin et al, 2015). Cervical cancer is highly preventable through regular screenings using Pap smear or human papillomavirus–deoxyribonucleic acid tests, cervical cancer remains a prevalent women's health issue across the world. The three interventions noted in Purpose 1 were one-on-one training accompanied by an educational brochure, providing the educational brochure only, and giving an invitation without any relevant information
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