Abstract
Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, and R. bataticola caused damping-off, root rot, and charcoal rot on cotton plant. The fungi produced sclerotia, and hence they are difficult to control. Synthetic fungicides had negative effects on the environment, but fungicidal compounds of botanical extracts were environmentally friendly. This research aimed to test several botanical extracts on the three fungi, i.e., extract from neem seed, the mixture of neem seed with clove oil, and citronella oil with ratio 7:1; 3:1; 1:1. The concentration used for the test were: 500, 1250, 2500, and 3750 ppm. Each of the tested fungi was placed in the middle of PDA medium with the botanical extract. Each treatment was replicated three times. The growth of the tested fungi was measured every two days. Neem extract inhibited the mycelial growth of the three tested fungi 2-40 %. When the neem was mixed with clove oil, its effectiveness escalated to 100 %, especially at ratios 3:1 and 1:1. The mixture of neem extract with citronella oil was less effective than that of neem extract with clove oil. Of the three tested fungi, S. rolfsii was the most vulnerable fungus to the tested botanical extract.
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