Abstract
The electrochemical and corrosion characterization of Ti0.97Ru0.03O2/Ti electrodes modified with WO3 was reported. Modification of Ti0.97Ru0.03O2/Ti electrodes with WO3 was previously described as improving the effectiveness of an azo dye degradation in a photoelectrochemical treatment. Thus, the effect of WO3 introduction to oxide film on electrode surface on electrochemical behaviour and stability of the modified electrodes was investigated. Moreover, corrosion behaviour of Ti0.97Ru0.03O2/Ti electrodes modified with WO3 was evaluated with the application of potentiodynamic polarization sweep method and open circuit potential measurement. Electrodes modified with WO3 revealed higher anodic and cathodic peak currents in K4[Fe(CN)6] solution (by 35% for 6%WO3 content) indicating higher electroactive surface area and faster electron transfer reaction. An increase in WO3 amount in the oxide layer caused an increase in the number of active sites determined in Na2SO4 and most of them (more than 80%) were located in the outer and more accessible surface. The investigation of the tested electrodes at high potentials at which oxygen evolution is observed, allowed their classification in the following order showing an increase in their activity towards oxygen evolution reaction: Ti0.97Ru0.03O2/Ti < Ti0.94Ru0.03O2-W0.03O3/Ti < Ti0.91Ru0.03O2-W0.06O3/Ti. Although the electrode modification with WO3 resulted in lower resistance to corrosion in Na2SO4 solution regarding corrosion potential, corrosion current densities were clearly lower in comparison with the non-modified electrode, especially after longer immersion in the solution. ASTs showed that even a small addition of WO3 increased the lifetime of the electrodes. The Ti0.97Ru0.03O2/Ti electrode modification with WO3 seemed to be advantageous for their application in electrochemical and photoelectrochemical degradation of organic pollutants.Graphical
Highlights
In recent years, the investigation of electrocatalytic and corrosion properties of oxide electrodes has received considerable attention [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
Its high stability in acidic solutions, resistance to photocorrosion and high conductivity is important when it is applied in the treatment of wastewater contaminated by organic pollutants, especially acids [26, 27]
Corrosion properties of the tested electrodes were determined in Na2SO4 solution and were evaluated using electrochemical techniques such as open circuit potential (OCP) measurement followed by potentiodynamic polarization sweep
Summary
The investigation of electrocatalytic and corrosion properties of oxide electrodes has received considerable attention [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. The addition of WO3 to TiO2 results in an increase in photoelectrocatalytic activity of the electrodes applied in the degradation of organic pollutants present in industrial wastewater [28, 32,33,34]. It is important to determine an effect of WO3 incorporation to the oxide film on corrosion characterization and stability of the modified electrodes. The composition and properties of active compounds in the oxide film at the electrode surface strongly affect the properties of the electrode material taking into consideration its electrochemical and corrosion characterization and its stability. In the recent paper [44], the results of electrochemical and corrosion investigations of the electrodes with higher content of RuO2 and modified with WO3, i.e. Ti0.7-xRu0.3O2-WxO3/Ti electrodes, were presented. The results of the experiments are compared with the non-modified electrode in order to determine an effect of WO3
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